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Clouds | 
Cumulus 
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| Mostly fair weather clouds, well delimited in the sky; these are the clouds that children draw, and that philosophers use as examples when discussing the phenomenon of vagueness ;-) | 
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Altocumulus 
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| A cloud that wanders around 3000m, it can have a very wide variety of forms (saying this about any cloud is probably not very informative, now I think about it ;-). If there is a thick layer of altocumulus there will very likely be some rain in the next couple of hours. If they stand alone however, they announce a fine weather. | 
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Lenticular Altocumulus 
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| Situated between 2'000m and 4'000m, they usually are a sign of a strong wind. | 
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Cumulonimbus 
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| A very big (several kilometers across) storm-announcing cloud. It can be as wide as 20km. The one below is very small, it's something between a cumulus and a cumulonimbus; I still have to take a better photo here :-) | 
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Cirrus 
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| Thin clouds high in the sky. They usually never cover the whole sky, and they are situated between 5'000m and 10'000m. Often, they announce a forthcoming change in the weather in the next days : rain. | 
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Cirrostratus 
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| A thin cloud very high in the sky, it is often like a thin veil, and you can see the sun through it. If it covers the whole of the sky, it announced rain in the next hours. | 
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Stratus 
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| A low-situated cloud, between 0m and 500m. When it is really low, it is a fog. It's probably not a surprise that the next two photos were taken in ... Ireland ;-) | 
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Stratocumulus 
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| A more-or-less thick layer of cumulus, usually a couple of hundered meters thick, situated between 1'000m and 2'000m. Usually, they end up transformed into cumulus, but sometimes they can stick around for quite a long time. | 
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Altostratus 
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| A uniform layer of clouds, at about 3'000m; if it thickens it announces rain. | 
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Nimbostratus 
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| A bad weather cloud located between 1'500m and 5'000m, often accompanied by rain - if it is cold enough, the rain becomes snow. | 
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An ocean of clouds 
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| A layer of stratus or stratocumulus seen from above. | 
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Rays of light 
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| Usually, this can be seen when the sun shines through holes in thick clouds, so it means that rain is in the neighbourhood. | 
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Blue sky 
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| The sky is more or less blue depending on humidity and pollution of the air. Well, in my case it also depends on the filter I use ;-) | 
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The red sun 
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| When the sun is very low in the sky, the rays have to cover a longer distance in the atmosphere, which plays a role of a filter that stops first the blue part of the spectrum, then the green one, and then the yellow. In the end, only the red part remains. | 
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